Table 2.
Relationship between dietary vitamin B2 intake and diabetes by sex in the NHANES 2013–2020a.
| Vitamin B2 intake (mg/day) | Case/n | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Quartile 1 (< 1.17) | 483/2,369 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Quartile 2 (1.17–1.75) | 410/2,363 | 0.66 (0.50, 0.87) | 0.70 (0.52, 0.93) | 0.69 (0.51, 0.93) | |
| Quartile 3 (1.76–2.70) | 384/2,370 | 0.66 (0.52, 0.83) | 0.73 (0.57, 0.93) | 0.75 (0.57, 0.97) | |
| Quartile 4 (≥2.71) | 367/2,367 | 0.59 (0.45, 0.77) | 0.67 (0.49, 0.91) | 0.67 (0.48, 0.92) | |
| P trend | < 0.001 | 0.013 | 0.025 | ||
| Continuous | 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) | 0.82 (0.71, 0.94) | 0.81 (0.70, 0.94) | ||
| P | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.005 | ||
| Men | Quartile 1 (< 1.46) | 457/2,217 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Quartile 2 (1.46–2.22) | 448/2,218 | 0.80 (0.59, 1.07) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.18) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.18) | |
| Quartile 3 (2.23–3.39) | 436/2,216 | 0.79 (0.62, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.18) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.19) | |
| Quartile 4 (≥3.40) | 457/2,218 | 0.93 (0.68, 1.27) | 1.07 (0.81, 1.41) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.35) | |
| P trend | 0.184 | 0.503 | 0.672 | ||
| Continuous | 1.01 (0.88, 1.17) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.09) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.10) | ||
| P | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.96 |
aLogistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
bModel 1 was adjusted for age (18–44, 45–59, or ≥ 60 years) and energy intake (continuous).
cModel 2 was adjusted as for model 1 plus race/ethnicity (Mexican American, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or other race-including multi-racial), marital status (married/partner, widowed/divorced, or never married), educational level (< high school, high school/GED, or >high school), PIR (< 1 or ≥1), BMI (< 25, 25–29.9, or ≥30 kg/m2).
dModel 3 was adjusted as for model 2 plus hypertension (yes or no), and hyperlipidemia (yes or no).