Table 3.

Effects of internet use on various components of cognitive ability in older adults.

Variables	Before PSM adjustment				After PSM adjustment
	95%CI	p	Adjusted 95%CI	Adjusted p	95%CI	p	Adjusted 95%CI	Adjusted p
Language ability	0.251 (0.222, 0.280)	<0.001	0.075 (0.033, 0.116)	<0.001	0.130 (0.101, 0.160)	<0.001	0.094 (0.064, 0.124)	<0.001
Attention and calculation ability	0.304 (0.247, 0.361)	<0.001	0.173 (0.089, 0.256)	<0.001	0.182 (0.109, 0.255)	<0.001	0.175 (0.100, 0.251)	<0.001
Orientation	0.123 (0.105, 0.142)	<0.001	0.025 (−0.003, 0.053)	0.083	0.069 (0.051, 0.088)	<0.001	0.049 (0.030, 0.067)	<0.001
Memory	0.118 (0.091, 0.146)	<0.001	0.032 (−0.008, 0.072)	0.118	0.059 (0.031, 0.088)	<0.001	0.036 (0.006, 0.066)	0.017
Recall	0.41 (0.009, 0.074)	0.013	0.009 (−0.040, 0.058)	0.724	0.011 (−0.030, 0.053)	0.594	0.012 (−0.032, 0.056)	0.587

Linear regression models were introduced with p values adjusted for baseline characteristics (age, urban/rural, alcohol use, and chronic disease) to exclude potential bias in the results due to age, urban/rural, drinking, and chronic disease, with p < 0.05 indicating a statistically significant difference. 95%CI: 95% confidence interval of the odds ratio.