TABLE 2.
Perinatal characteristics of normoglycemic women and women with abnormal oral glucose tolerance test values.
| Characteristics | Normoglycemic women, n (%) | Women with one abnormal OGTT value, n (%) | Women with two or more abnormal OGTT values, n (%) | Normoglycemic vs one abnormal OGTT value, OR (95% CI), aOR (95% CI) | Normoglycemic vs two or more abnormal OGTT values, OR (95% CI), aOR (95% CI) | One vs two or more abnormal OGTT values, OR (95% CI), aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3635 (74.7) | 877 (18.0) | 357 (7.3) | ||||
| Composite perinatal outcome a | 849 (23.4) | 241 (27.5) | 125 (35.0) |
1.24 (1.05–1.47) 1.20 (1.01–1.44) |
1.77 (1.40–2.23) 1.68 (1.30–2.16) |
1.42 (1.09–1.85) 1.36 (1.03–1.81) |
| Pre‐eclampsia b | 74 (2.0) | 29 (3.3) | 8 (2.2) |
1.65 (1.06–2.55) 1.77 (1.12–2.79) |
1.10 (0.53–2.31) 1.09 (0.49–2.46) |
0.66 (0.30–1.48) 0.58 (0.25–1.37) |
| Preterm delivery | 144 (3.9) | 45 (5.1) | 30 (8.4) |
1.31 (0.93–1.85) 1.35 (0.94–1.94) |
2.22 (1.48–3.35) 2.34 (1.49–3.68) |
1.70 (1.05–2.74) 1.75 (1.05–2.93) |
| Macrosomia (LGA >90%) | 343 (9.4) | 88 (10.0) | 49 (13.7) |
1.07 (0.84–1.37) 0.99 (0.76–1.28) |
1.53 (1.11–2.11) 1.38 (0.98–1.95) |
1.43 (0.99–2.08) 1.33 (0.90–1.97) |
| Primary cesarean section | 437 (12.0) | 126 (14.4) | 69 (19.3) |
1.23 (0.99–1.52) 1.23 (0.97–1.55) |
1.75 (1.32–2.32) 1.74 (1.27–2.39) |
1.43 (1.03–1.97) 1.41 (0.99–2.02) |
| Composite neonatal outcome c | 349 (9.6) | 166 (18.9) | 111 (31.1) |
2.20 (1.80–2.69) 2.16 (1.75–2.67) |
4.25 (3.31–5.45) 4.05 (3.09–5.31) |
1.93 (1.46–2.56) 1.88 (1.40–2.52) |
| Birth trauma | 46 (1.3) | 13 (1.5) | 8 (2.2) | 1.13 (0.64–2.01) 1.14 (0.63–2.06) |
1.68 (0.83–3.44) 1.84 (0.87–3.88) |
1.49 (0.64–3.43) 1.65 (0.71–3.87) |
| Neonatal hypoglycemia | 93 (2.6) | 104 (11.9) | 75 (21.0) | 5.12 (3.83–6.85) 5.06 (3.73–6.86) |
10.13 (7.30–14.05) 9.79 (6.82–14.03) |
1.98 (1.43–2.74) 1.96 (1.40–2.75) |
| Hyperbilirubinemia | 211 (5.8) | 65 (7.4) | 39 (10.1) | 1.29 (0.97–1.73) 1.27 (0.94–1.71) |
1.99 (1.39–2.85) 1.81 (1.22–2.69) |
1.53 (1.01–2.33) 1.43 (0.92–2.21) |
| Still birth/perinatal death | 8 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.6) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Secondary maternal outcomes | ||||||
| Pregnancy induced hypertension d | 234 (6.4) | 69 (7.9) | 34 (9.5) | 1.24 (0.94–1.64) 1.18 (0.88–1.57) |
1.53 (1.05–2.23) 1.24 (0.82–1.87) |
1.23 (0.80–1.90) 1.08 (0.69–1.71) |
| Induction of labor | 594 (16.3) | 197 (22.5) | 104 (29.1) | 1.48 (1.23–1.78) 1.30 (1.07–1.57) |
2.10 (1.65–2.69) 1.76 (1.35–2.28) |
1.42 (1.08–1.87) 1.36 (1.02–1.82) |
| Cesarean section (primary+secondary) | 565 (15.6) | 168 (19.0) | 94 (25.9) | 1.29 (1.06–1.56) 1.15 (0.94–1.41) |
1.94 (1.51–2.50) 1.58 (1.19–2.09) |
1.51 (1.13–2.02) 1.33 (0.97–1.83) |
| Secondary neonatal outcomes |
B coefficient (95% CI) Adjusted coefficient (95% CI) |
B coefficient (95% CI) Adjusted coefficient (95% CI) |
B coefficient (95% CI) Adjusted coefficient (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age at delivery, weeks mean (SD) | 39.9 (1.6) | 39.6 (1.7) | 39.2 (2.1) |
−0.08 (−0.43–‐0.20) −0.08 (−0.44–‐0.20) |
−0.13 (−0.94–‐0.58) −0.13 (−0.90–‐0.53) |
−0.11 (−0.66–‐0.22) −0.11 (−0.63–‐0.20) |
| Birthweight, SD score | −0.02 (1.02) | 0.04 (1.00) | 0.14 (1.20) | 0.08 (0.00–0.15) 0.06 (−0.02–0.14) |
0.20 (0.09–0.32) 0.16 (0.04–0.29) |
0.12 (−0.01–0.26) 0.12 (−0.02–0.26) |
Note: Adjusted for maternal age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, parity category, socio‐economic status and smoking.
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; OR, odds ratios, SD, standard deviation.
Pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery, LGA > 90% and primary cesarean section.
ICD‐10: O14 included, O10 and O11 excluded.
Birth trauma (fracture of the clavicle, Erb's paresis), neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia and stillbirth/perinatal mortality.
ICD‐10: O13 included, O10, and O11 excluded.