Table 2.
Changes of Intracellular ions, ion channels and transporters in cirrhotic cardiomyocytes.
| Protein/Ion | Structural or functional change | Impact on cardiac function |
| Potassium [33] | Downregulation of I(t), Isus | Q-T interval prolongation |
| Calcium [32] | Downregulation of L-type calcium channels | Ca2+ dynamic abnormalities, impaired contractility |
| Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase [34] | Downregulated | Impaired contractility |
| SR [32] | No change [35] | Ca2+ dynamic abnormalities |
| SERCA [32] | No change [35] | Unclear |
| NCX | Downregulated | Ca2+ dynamic abnormalities |
| Ca2+ leakage [31] | Increased | Decreases contractility and relaxation |
I(t), Ca2+-independent transient outward K+ current; I𝑠𝑢𝑠, delayed rectifier K+ current; SERCA, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase; NCX, sodium-calcium exchanger; SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum.