Table 3. Relative odds of functional impairment by non-communicable disease and sociodemographic status, Aotearoa New Zealand, 2018.
| High level of hospitalisation* | Any activity limitation† | Any income support | |||||
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | ||
| Number of NCDs(adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 4.09 (4.01 to 4.17) | 3.44 (3.37 to 3.51) | 2.65 (2.62 to 2.68) | 2.00 (1.98 to 2.02) | 2.58 (2.56 to 2.60) | 2.30 (2.29 to 2.32) | |
| 2+ | 20.03 (19.68 to 20.39) | 12.02 (11.77 to 12.27) | 9.50 (9.40 to 9.60) | 4.42 (4.36 to 4.47) | 5.68 (5.62 to 5.74) | 4.75 (4.69 to 4.80) | |
| N | 4 789 287 | 4 720 740 | 3 503 691 | 3 498 249 | 2 889 174 | 2 842 575 | |
| Sex(adjusted for age) | Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 1.15 (1.13 to 1.16) | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.07) | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.02) | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) | 1.13 (1.13 to 1.14) | 1.14 (1.13 to 1.15) | |
| N | 4 789 287 | 4 789 287 | 3 503 691 | 3 503 691 | 2 889 174 | 2 889 174 | |
| Age (years)(adjusted for sex) | 0–14 | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.82) | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.82) | 0.73 (0.72 to 0.75) | 0.73 (0.72 to 0.75) | NA | NA |
| 15–34 | 0.91 (0.89 to 0.93) | 0.91 (0.89 to 0.93) | 0.84 (0.82 to 0.85) | 0.83 (0.82 to 0.85) | 1.24 (1.23 to 1.25) | 1.24 (1.23 to 1.25) | |
| 35–54 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 55–64 | 1.65 (1.61 to 1.70) | 1.65 (1.61 to 1.70) | 1.87 (1.84 to 1.90) | 1.87 (1.84 to 1.90) | 1.15 (1.14 to 1.16) | 1.15 (1.14 to 1.16) | |
| 65–74 | 3.03 (2.95 to 3.10) | 3.03 (2.95 to 3.10) | 2.80 (2.76 to 2.84) | 2.80 (2.76 to 2.84) | NA | NA | |
| 75+ | 8.86 (8.67 to 9.05) | 8.83 (8.64 to 9.02) | 8.49 (8.38 to 8.61) | 8.50 (8.39 to 8.62) | NA | NA | |
| N | 4 789 287 | 4 789 287 | 3 503 691 | 3 503 691 | 2 889 174 | 2 889 174 | |
| Total response ethnicity(adjusted for age, sex, deprivation) | Māori | 0.87 (0.86 to 0.89) | 1.31 (1.28 to 1.33) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.06) | 1.50 (1.48 to 1.52) | 3.07 (3.05 to 3.09) | 2.41 (2.39 to 2.43) |
| Pacific | 0.78 (0.76 to 0.80) | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.19) | 0.89 (0.87 to 0.91) | 1.29 (1.27 to 1.32) | 1.44 (1.42 to 1.46) | 1.10 (1.09 to 1.11) | |
| Asian | |||||||
|
0.30 (0.29 to 0.32) | 0.50 (0.47 to 0.53) | 0.35 (0.34 to 0.36) | 0.64 (0.62 to 0.66) | 0.27 (0.27 to 0.28) | 0.35 (0.34 to 0.36) | |
|
0.43 (0.41 to 0.45) | 0.76 (0.73 to 0.80) | 0.38 (0.37 to 0.39) | 0.71 (0.69 to 0.73) | 0.33 (0.32 to 0.34) | 0.33 (0.32 to 0.34) | |
|
0.31 (0.30 to 0.33) | 0.59 (0.56 to 0.62) | 0.34 (0.33 to 0.35) | 0.69 (0.67 to 0.71) | 0.46 (0.45 to 0.47) | 0.50 (0.49 to 0.51) | |
| MELAA | 0.61 (0.57 to 0.65) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) | 0.49 (0.47 to 0.51) | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.02) | 1.29 (1.26 to 1.31) | 1.39 (1.36 to 1.41) | |
| Other ethnicity | 0.79 (0.76 to 0.83) | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.99) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.99) | 1.18 (1.15 to 1.22) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.05) | |
| European | 0.86 (0.84 to 0.88) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.66 (0.65 to 0.68) | 0.87 (0.86 to 0.88) | 0.69 (0.69 to 0.70) | 0.91 (0.90 to 0.92) | |
| N | 4 730 052 | 4 720 740 | 3 498 795 | 3 498 249 | 2 848 221 | 2 842 575 | |
| NZ Deprivation Index 2018 quintile(adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity) | Lowest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Low-middle | 1.28 (1.25 to 1.32) | 1.23 (1.20 to 1.26) | 1.38 (1.36 to 1.41) | 1.32 (1.30 to 1.34) | 1.53 (1.51 to 1.56) | 1.52 (1.50 to 1.54) | |
| Middle | 1.45 (1.41 to 1.49) | 1.39 (1.35 to 1.42) | 1.69 (1.66 to 1.71) | 1.60 (1.57 to 1.62) | 2.14 (2.12 to 2.17) | 2.09 (2.06 to 2.12) | |
| High-middle | 1.68 (1.64 to 1.73) | 1.59 (1.56 to 1.63) | 2.16 (2.13 to 2.19) | 2.00 (1.97 to 2.04) | 3.27 (3.23 to 3.31) | 3.03 (2.99 to 3.07) | |
| Highest | 1.88 (1.84 to 1.93) | 1.91 (1.86 to 1.96) | 2.81 (2.77 to 2.85) | 2.63 (2.59 to 2.67) | 6.85 (6.77 to 6.93) | 5.31 (5.24 to 5.38) | |
| N | 4 775 523 | 4 720 740 | 3 503 142 | 3 498 249 | 2 879 766 | 2 842 575 | |
The crude analysis is a logistic regression model output for just one explanatory variable, and the adjusted model includes the additional variables reported for each variable in column one. Total response ethnicity ORs compare individuals who identify with that ethnicity with those who do not identify with that ethnicity. When ethnicity was in the crude and multivariable models, all eight ethnicity groupings were included. Chinese, Indian and Other Asian are subsets of Asian. Odds ratios are presented here with their 95% confidence intervals. Data were provided by Statistics New Zealand.
4+ hospital visits/stays or 10+ cumulative days in 2017/2018.
2018 census question.
MELAAMiddle-Eastern Latin-American or AfricanNtotal number of individuals with data input into in regression model aboveNCDnon-communicable disease