Table 3.
Linear model: change in visual acuity from baseline to years 1 and 3, stratified by demographics
| Baseline to Year 1 | Baseline to Year 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | P value | Coefficient (95% CI) | P value | |
| Intercept | −2.10 (− 2.71, − 1.48) | 0.000 | −2.97 (− 3.83, − 2.12) | 0.000 |
| Initial | 1.23 (1.03, 1.44) | 0.000 | 1.47 (1.19, 1.75) | 0.000 |
| Age (from 18) | −0.08 (− 0.09, − 0.08) | 0.000 | −0.11 (− 0.12, − 0.10) | 0.000 |
| Sex (reference: female) | ||||
| Male | 0.45 (0.27, 0.63) | 0.000 | 0.39 (0.13, 0.66) | 0.004 |
| Race (reference: White) | ||||
| Asian | −0.50 (− 1.05, 0.04) | 0.072 | 0.47 (− 0.32, 1.26) | 0.242 |
| Black | −0.58 (− 0.85, − 0.31) | 0.000 | −0.42 (− 0.82, − 0.01) | 0.044 |
| Native American and Alaska Native | 0.44 (− 0.68, 1.57) | 0.440 | −1.08 (− 2.73, 0.56) | 0.197 |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 0.75 (− 0.88, 2.38) | 0.366 | 0.18 (− 2.05, 2.40) | 0.876 |
| Other | 0.15 (− 0.44, 0.74) | 0.623 | 0.01 (− 0.85, 0.87) | 0.984 |
| Unknown | 0.01 (− 0.32, 0.34) | 0.937 | 0.33 (− 0.18, 0.85) | 0.199 |
| Ethnicity (reference not Hispanic or Latino) | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | −0.73 (− 1.03, − 0.42) | 0.000 | −0.62 (− 1.06, − 0.18) | 0.006 |
| Unknown | −0.02 (− 0.32, 0.28) | 0.876 | −0.21 (− 0.69, 0.26) | 0.379 |
| Payer (reference: commercial) | ||||
| Medicare | 0.43 (0.22, 0.65) | 0.000 | 0.52 (0.20, 0.83) | 0.001 |
| Medicaid | −1.07 (− 1.46, − 0.68) | 0.000 | −2.11 (− 2.68, − 1.54) | 0.000 |
| Other | 0.19 (− 0.14, 0.53) | 0.257 | −0.27 (− 0.78, 0.25) | 0.314 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Glaucoma | −1.20 (− 1.43, − 0.97) | 0.000 | −1.91 (− 2.24, − 1.57) | 0.000 |
| Cataract | 0.72 (0.54, 0.91) | 0.000 | 1.25 (0.98, 1.52) | 0.000 |
| Anti-VEGF agent | ||||
| Aflibercept (reference) | – | – | – | – |
| Bevacizumab | −0.51 (− 0.74, − 0.27) | 0.000 | −0.70 (− 1.06, − 0.35) | 0.000 |
| Ranibizumab | 0.13 (− 0.19, 0.44) | 0.438 | 0.56 (0.09, 1.03) | 0.019 |
| Multiple agents (80% threshold) | −0.76 (− 1.02, − 0.50) | 0.000 | −1.20 (− 1.61, − 0.78) | 0.000 |
| Anti-VEGF injections through Year 1 | 0.27 (0.22, 0.31) | 0.000 | – | – |
| Anti-VEGF injections through Year 3 | – | – | 0.08 (0.06, 0.10) | 0.000 |
| Baseline visual acuity (reference: 20/25 or better) | ||||
| Worse than 20/25 − 20/40 | 3.59 (3.33, 3.85) | 0.000 | 4.17 (3.79, 4.54) | 0.000 |
| Worse than 20/40 − 20/80 | 7.76 (7.49, 8.03) | 0.000 | 8.84 (8.45, 9.23) | 0.000 |
| Worse than 20/80 - better than 20/200 | 12.22 (11.81, 12.62) | 0.000 | 14.37 (13.76, 14.98) | 0.000 |
| 20/200 or worse | 26.50 (26.15, 26.85) | 0.000 | 30.35 (29.82, 30.88) | 0.000 |
| Switch before Year 1 | 0.03 (− 0.23 0.30) | 0.805 | – | – |
| Switch before Year 3 | – | – | 0.26 (− 0.12, 0.65) | 0.185 |
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor