Table 2. Model performances.
| Model | Splitting techniques | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 5-fold cross-validation | Leave-one-subject-out | Chronological split | Odd-even-split | Random split | ||||||
| R² score | MAE | R² score | MAE | R² score | MAE | R² score | MAE | R² score | MAE | |
| Random chance (P value) | –3.306 (N/A)a |
0.920 (N/A) |
–6.833 (N/A) |
0.910 (N/A) |
–2.364 (N/A) |
0.941 (N/A) |
–2.115 (N/A) |
0.920(N/A) | –2.205 (N/A) |
0.890(N/A) |
| Dummy regression (median) | –0.289 (.79) |
0.499 (.41) |
–3.624 (.92) |
0.557 (.72) |
–0.107 (.99) |
0.491 (.99) |
–0.001 (.35) |
0.482 (.48) |
–0.007 (.72) |
0.488 (.84) |
| Random forest regression (P value) | –0.102 (.09) |
0.455 (.04) |
–4.392 (.99) |
0.540 (.29) |
–0.213 (.65) |
0.519 (.81) |
0.336 (<.001) |
0.381 (<.001) |
0.305 (<.001) |
0.396 (<.001) |
| Linear regression (P value) | –25.508 (.67) |
0.588 (.50) |
–37.258 (.71) |
0.602 (.31) |
–0.364 (.15) |
0.534 (.18) |
–0.179 (<.001) |
0.445 (<.001) |
–0.558 (.06) |
0.459 (<.001) |
| Support vector regression (P value) | –0.136 (.008) |
0.468 (.004) |
–4.006 (.88) |
0.570 (.89) |
–0.106 (.59) |
0.439 (.87) |
0.313 (<.001) |
0.388 (<.001) |
0.293 (<.001) |
0.401 (<.001) |
| XGBoost regression (P value) | –0.093 (.07) |
0.455 (.03) |
–3.568 (.41) |
0.550 (.03) |
0.084 (.98) |
0.442 (.99) |
0.339 (<.001) |
0.380 (<.001) |
0.289 (<.001) |
0.399 (<.001) |
a
N/A: not available.