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. 2025 Jan 7;31(1):98479. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i1.98479

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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux. A: Investigations used in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) diagnosis; B: Options available for the management of GERD. FSSG: Frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease; GERDQ: Gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire; GERD-X: Endoscopic full thickness plication; H2RB: Histamine 2 receptor blocker; MI: Mucosal impedance; MNBI: Mean nocturnal baseline impedance; MSA: Magnetic sphincter augmentation; P-CAB: Potassium-competitive acid blocker; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; PSPW: Post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave; RDQ: Reflux disease questionnaire; RYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; TIF: Transoral incisionless fundoplication; UGI: Upper gastrointestinal.