. 2025 Jan 19;15(1):100068. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i1.100068

Table 3.

Parental pressure, family upbringing and preschool children's behavior correlation analysis of emotional problems

Variable	PSI-SF, total score	Parenting and sorrow	Parent-child interaction disorder	Difficult children	SDQ total score	Prosocial behavior	Externalizing behaviors	Internalizing behavior	PBI total score	Supporting/participation
Parenting and sorrow	0.563^b	1
Dysfunctional parent-child interactions	0.774^b	0.524^b	1
Difficult children	0.602^b	0.541^b	0.527^b	1
SDQ total score	0.906^b	0.637^b	0.528^b	0.742^b	1
Prosocial behavior	0.754^b	0.171^a	0.207^a	0.203^a	0.545^b	1
Externalizing behaviors	0.554^b	0.587^b	0.214^a	0.525^b	0.674^b	0.555^b	1
Internalizing behavior	0.635^b	0.468^b	0.562^b	0.457^b	0.454^b	0.602^b	0.571^b	1
PBI company total score	0.897^b	0.524^b	0.567^b	0.788^b	0.842^a	0.707^b	0.813^b	0.604^b	1
Support/involvement	0.826^b	0.197^a	0.557^b	0.126^a	0.527^b	0.204^a	0.211^a	0.367^b	0.574^b	1
Hostility/mandatory	0.578^b	0.561^b	0.587^b	0.573^b	0.617^b	0.531^b	0.226^a	0.362^b	0.603^b	0.564^b

P < 0.05.

P < 0.01.

PSI-SF: Parenting stress index-short form; SDQ: Strength and difficulty questionnaire; PBI: Parental bonding instrument.