Table 1.

Sample characteristics of focus-group discussion participants

	Pre-test FGDs (n = 3, 19 fathers)	Post-pilot FGDs (n = 2, 12 fathers)	Post-intervention FGDs (n = 4; 22 fathers)
Nationality	All Kenyans	All Kenyans	19 Kenyans, 3 non-Kenyans
Mean age (range)	31 (22–49)	35 (20–60)	33 (22–43)
Highest Education
Primary and below	15.8% (3)	8.3% (1)	31.8% (7)
Secondary	47.4% (9)	75% (9)	59.1% (13)
Tertiary level	36.8% (7)	16.7% (2)	9.1% (2)
Occupation
Student	10.5% (2)	0	0
Unemployed	15.8% (3)	8.3% (1)	0
Professional/technical worker	5.3% (1)	16.7% (2)	0
Sales and services	42.1 (8)	0	40.9% (9)
Skilled manual worker	0	8.3% (1)	13.36% (3)
Unskilled manual worker	5.3% (1)	50% (6)	13.36% (3)
Casual/daily labourers	21.1% (4)	16.7% (2)	31.8% (7)
First-time fathers	47.37% (9)	50% (6)	36% (8)
Preferred SMS language (English)	N/A	75% (9)	64% (14)
Have access to internet	79% (17)	83.3% (10)	72.7% (16)
Have mobile phone applications (e.g. Whatsapp)	79% (15)	58.3% (7)	72.7% (16)
Have facebook account	79% (17)	75% (9)	77.3% (17)
Smoking status*	N/A	N/A	4.54% (1)
Alcohol status*	N/A	N/A	9.1% (2)

*This question item was only asked to fathers in the intervention phase