Table 5.

Mean and standard deviation of SMS4baba measures pre and post intervention

Measure	Pre intervention Mean ± SD	Post intervention Mean ± SD	Paired T test (p value)	Cohen’s d (95% CI)
Childcare and parenting practices	0.6 ± 0.781	2.28 ± 0.74	< 0.001	2.17 (1.7–2.62)
Paternal involvement	33.67 ± 6.92	36.64 ± 4.81	0.004	0.5 (0.13–0.87)
Paternal Antenatal Attachment*	33.78 ± 14.74	37.5 ± 5.28	0.053	0.33 (-0.03–0.69)

*NOTE: This pre-post analysis is based on 9 out of 13 PAAS items included in the post-intervention assessment, while taking account of the psychometric properties of the scale items retained