Table 1.

Cancer screening-related information needs content

Themes	Subthemes	Concepts	No. of Studies	Examples of quotations	References
Screening service provide side
Supporting information	Statistical and clinical evidence of screening	Statistical and clinical evidence of screening including evidence on screening risks and benefits, evidence on screening content and survival, data on test sensitivity and specificity, and accessible statistical information about screening	1	"Other areas of information …... were evidence of the risks and benefits of screening, technical data about the sensitivity and specificity of FOB testing and evidence of detection and survival rates" [16]	[16]
	Description of screening process	A clear and uniform description of the screening process	2	"Front desk staff indicated that staff training would be essential for them to understand all steps in a screening program so they could, in turn, describe them to patients. " [17]	[16, 17]
Screening demand side
Establish initial cognition	Information on cancer in general	Basic information related to cancer, including disease definition, disease course, disease cause, disease transmission mode and progression (cervical cancer only), disease risk factors, symptoms and signs, disease prevention method, disease impact and prognosis, statistics (cancer prevalence, cancer survival rate)	23	"Participants suggested that educational materials should provide basic information on breast and cervical cancer…..." [18]	[8, 17–38]
	Information on screening in general	Basic information related to screening, including the purpose and importance of screening, definitions of specific screening modalities, eligibility criteria for screening, a glossary of screening-related terms, statistical data (proportion of people who complete screening, rate of abnormalities detected through screening, rate of false-positive test results)	24	"Desired information prior to screening included: eligibility criteria for LCS…..." [39]	[8, 17–22, 24–27, 30, 35–46]
Auxiliary screening decision	Screening method	The method to detect whether you have cancer, including recommended screening methods, alternatives, the differences, advantages and disadvantages of different screening methods, accuracy of screening, the choice of screening methods and reasons, whether the specific screening method is invasive, and whether it will cause discomfort or pain	20	"What is the best imaging option for detection of breast cancer? What are the advantages of mammography? " [19]	[8, 19, 23, 25–27, 30, 32–34, 36, 38, 41, 43, 45–50]
	Benefits or harms of screening	Benefits or harms associated with screening, including benefits of screening, harms/risks of screening, risks of not screening, and potential harms of over-screening	20	"Most participants preferred a clear recommendation from the health authorities about colorectal cancer screening, including a list of benefits and harms." [29]	[16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 28–30, 32, 34, 35, 38–41, 44, 45, 50]
	Economic burden	Information on the cost of screening, including the cost of screening, medical insurance, and free screening policies	8	"Messages should also include statements that the LDCT scan is covered by most health insurance companies &/or provide information about screening costs." [40]	[21, 24, 25, 27, 32, 38–40]
Screening process	Screening procedure	Information about the procedures involved in the screening process, including the time, frequency, time interval, and location of the screening, the detailed procedures for routine screening in the hospital or self-testing at home, the preparations required for screening, potential emergencies during screening, and response strategies	29	"the respondents indicated that an explanation about the screening process would also be useful. " [23]	[8, 16–19, 21–27, 29, 31–34, 36–39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47–49, 51]
	Screening service resources	Service information to facilitate the smooth implementation of screening, including screening reminder information, access to self-test kits, reliable and accessible screening service information resources such as screening appointment procedures, translation services, screening-related programs or policies, transportation options to screening sites	16	"Farmworker CWs expressed a lack of information about their own health and health services available to them related to cancer" [25]	[8, 18, 20–22, 24–26, 33, 36–38, 41, 45, 48, 51]
Information on health outcomes after screening	Screening outcome	Information on screening results and their significance, including the time to obtain screening results, timely screening result information, reconfirmation of positive results, meaning of screening results and detailed interpretation	19	"whether abnormal Pap smear result will lead to cervical cancer or whatever is associated with it, that kind of information is what should be getting across." [20]	[8, 16, 18, 20, 21, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 38, 39, 44, 45, 47–51]
	Follow-up examination/treatment	Follow-up arrangements and implications for different screening results, including specific follow-up tests, follow-up or treatment information, and the effects of treatment on health, quality of life, and fertility	9	"…... especially when informing them of the mammogram results and the subsequent steps in the process." [48]	[17, 19, 30, 31, 34–36, 38, 48]