Table 3.
General characteristic of included studies after VP shunt surgery
| Study | Study design | Number of participants and demographics | Time of gait assessment after shunt surgery | Clinical criteria for iNPH | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al., 2018 [32] | Observational prospective study | 18 (10M 8F), 70 ± 3.1 | 3 months | N/A |
Age under 40 Asymmetrical or transient symptoms Cortical deficits (e.g. aphasia, apraxia or paresis) Dementia without gait disturbance Patients with CSF proteomic analyses showing increases in Alzheimer's disease related protein concentrations of p-tau, t-tau, and Aβ42 Brain CT showing marked dilatation of sulci and fissures, and poor visual distinction between grey and white matters that may indicate dementia |
| Nikaido et al., 2018 [33] | Observational prospective study | 23 (19M, 4F), 76.9 ± 5.7 | 1 week |
Specific criteria: - Mori et al. [43], guidelines |
Additional neurological Orthopedic disorders interfering with gait Inability to walk unassisted for at least 15 m |
| Kitade et al., 2018 [34] | Observational prospective study | 12 (5M 7F), 76.3 ± 4.6 | ± 19.5 days |
Clinical criteria Hakim and Adams [1] - specify parameters N/A |
History of major injuries of the lower extremities Surgery to either or both lower extremities Osteoarthritis of the lower extremities Other spinal disorder Cerebrovascular lesions Inability to walk 10 m without aids |
| Song et al., 2019 [35] | Observational prospective study | 28 (16M, 12F), 75.2 ± 7.3 | 6 month |
Specific criteria: - Marmarou et. al. [44] |
Dementia, Parkinson's disease Stroke Uncontrolled medical comorbidities Diabetic or idiopatic peripheral neuropathy Alcoholism Lack of improvement from the CSFTT |
| Giannini et al., 2019 [24] | Observational prospective study | 35 (20M, 15F) 71.87 ± 5.66 | 6 months |
Specific criteria: - The Bologna PRO-Hydro study |
Severe psychiatric disease Alcohol or drugs addiction Serious ongoing physical illness Inability to sign the informed consent |
| Baltateanu et al., 2019 [36] | Observational retrospective study | 19 (12M 7F) 69.6 ± N/A | 1 month | N/A | N/A |
| Sun et al., 2022 [26] | 6 (6M, 0F), 77.7 ± 5.4 | 1 month | N/A | N/A | |
| Sundström et al., 2022 [37] | Observational retrospective study | 1249 (744, M 505F) 74.7 ± 6.0 | 3 months |
Relkin criteria [42]: - specify parameters N/A |
More than 80 s or steps in TUG (median TUG time + 4 × interquartile range) |
| Gago et al., 2022 [38] | Observational prospective study | 8 (4M 4F), 73.0 ± N/A | 3–18 months |
Relkin criteria [42]: - specify parameters N/A |
Additional neurological disorders Orthopedic or rheumatologic disorders interfering with gait Inability to walk without aids |
| Hülser et al., 2022 [39] | Observational prospective study | 30 (17M 13F), 76,9 ± 5.6 | 12 weeks | N/A | N/A |
| Matsuoka et al., 2022 [31] | Observational retrospective study | 29 (15M, 14F), 77.5 ± 7.3 | 2 weeks | N/A |
Secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus Delirium during the CSFTT Orthopedic disorders interfering with gait |
| Hallqvist et al. 2022 [40] | Observational retrospective study | 118 (66M 52F), 73.5 ± N/A | 3 months | N/A | Lacked results of gait pre- and postoperative |
| Ferrari et al., 2022 [7] | Observational cohort study | 42 (15M, 27F) 75.2 ± 4.0 | ± 121 days | N/A |
Addiction to drugs Severe psychiatric diseases or physical illness Clinical history possibly causing ventricular dilation |
| Giannini et al., 2023 [41] | Observational prospective study | 64 (37M 28F), 75 ± N/A | 6 months |
Relkin criteria [42]: - specify parameters N/A |
Partial clinical assessment Lacking appropriate neuroimaging |
The second column reports study design. The third column reports cohorts’ demographics, including the number of male (M) and female (F) participants and the mean age (years). The fourth column reports the time of gait assessment after shunt surgery