Figure 4. Tissue or organ design could follow the path of the more mature field of molecular design.

(A) As the field of molecular engineering matures, we have improved our understanding of complex molecular structures composed of synthetic proteins or nucleic acids. Understanding the interactions and driving forces of molecular structure allows for the development of improved native-based structures and the design of custom protein or DNA structures that do not already exist in nature.

(B) Likewise, as the field of tissue development matures, so should our ability to predict cell fates and behaviors and to generate more native-like and functional organoids with higher complexity and reproducibility. These structures can be used to acquire a better understanding of development and design improved organoids and organs with custom modular properties. The applications of such designer tissues range from drug testing to transplantation and therapy.