Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Variables | Total (n = 6,457) | Non-gallstone (n = 5,762) | Gallstone (n = 695) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52.00 (36.00, 64.00) | 50.00 (35.00, 63.00) | 60.00 (46.00, 70.00) | <0.001 |
| Sex, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 3,318 (51.39) | 2,818 (48.91) | 500 (71.94) | |
| Male | 3,139 (48.61) | 2,944 (51.09) | 195 (28.06) | |
| Race, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| Mexican American | 727 (11.26) | 645 (11.19) | 82 (11.80) | |
| Other Hispanic | 616 (9.54) | 537 (9.32) | 79 (11.37) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 2,443 (37.83) | 2,126 (36.90) | 317 (45.61) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1,669 (25.85) | 1,537 (26.67) | 132 (18.99) | |
| Other Race | 1,002 (15.52) | 917 (15.91) | 85 (12.23) | |
| Education level, n(%) | 0.423 | |||
| Below high school | 1,053 (16.31) | 936 (16.24) | 117 (16.83) | |
| High school | 1,553 (24.05) | 1,374 (23.85) | 179 (25.76) | |
| Above high school | 3,851 (59.64) | 3,452 (59.91) | 399 (57.41) | |
| Marital status, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| Cohabitation | 3,778 (58.51) | 3,364 (58.38) | 414 (59.57) | |
| Living alone | 1,452 (22.49) | 1,253 (21.75) | 199 (28.63) | |
| Never married | 1,227 (19.00) | 1,145 (19.87) | 82 (11.80) | |
| PIR | 2.40 (1.26, 4.56) | 2.41 (1.25, 4.57) | 2.25 (1.33, 4.25) | 0.573 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 28.90 (25.00, 34.10) | 28.60 (24.70, 33.60) | 32.00 (27.80, 38.05) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity level, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3,825 (59.24) | 3,373 (58.54) | 452 (65.04) | |
| Yes | 2,632 (40.76) | 2,389 (41.46) | 243 (34.96) | |
| Alcohol use, n(%) | 0.899 | |||
| No | 540 (8.36) | 481 (8.35) | 59 (8.49) | |
| Yes | 5,917 (91.64) | 5,281 (91.65) | 636 (91.51) | |
| Smoking status, n(%) | 0.001 | |||
| No | 3,694 (57.21) | 3,336 (57.90) | 358 (51.51) | |
| Yes | 2,763 (42.79) | 2,426 (42.10) | 337 (48.49) | |
| Diabetes status, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 5,292 (81.96) | 4,802 (83.34) | 490 (70.50) | |
| Borderline | 181 (2.80) | 160 (2.78) | 21 (3.02) | |
| Yes | 984 (15.24) | 800 (13.88) | 184 (26.47) | |
| Hypertension status, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3,983 (61.68) | 3,664 (63.59) | 319 (45.90) | |
| Yes | 2,474 (38.32) | 2098 (36.41) | 376 (54.10) | |
| FMT (hours) | 9.00 (7.50, 11.00) | 9.00 (7.50, 11.00) | 9.00 (8.00, 11.00) | 0.003 |
| Energy level (kcal) | 1976.00 (1443.00, 2642.00) | 2000.50 (1463.25, 2668.75) | 1773.00 (1337.50, 2340.00) | <0.001 |
| Protein intake (g) | 72.08 (51.60, 100.48) | 73.23 (52.25, 102.20) | 62.93 (46.13, 89.20) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate intake (g) | 226.55 (161.94, 312.04) | 228.24 (163.60, 314.54) | 211.06 (147.59, 291.34) | <0.001 |
| Dietary fiber intake (g) | 14.20 (9.00, 21.40) | 14.40 (9.10, 21.60) | 12.80 (8.20, 19.00) | <0.001 |
| Total fat intake (g) | 79.69 (53.88, 113.08) | 80.65 (54.34, 114.58) | 72.77 (50.77, 100.79) | <0.001 |
| Total saturated fatty acids intake (g) | 24.72 (15.86, 36.85) | 25.07 (15.89, 37.11) | 22.11 (15.49, 33.48) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol intake (mg) | 247.00 (135.00, 432.00) | 251.00 (138.00, 435.00) | 214.00 (115.00, 403.00) | <0.001 |
Variables are presented as frequencies (percentages) or medians (1st quartile, 3rd quartile). The baseline characteristics of participants were analyzed via the chi-square test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Sex and race are self-reported. FMT, first meal time; PIR, ratio of family income to poverty.