Table 1.
Baseline cohort demographics and health characteristics.
| Overall N = 182,676 | COVID-19 Infection N = 91,338 | Matched Uninfected Comparators N = 91,338 | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index Date VA-FI - Median (IQR) | 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) | 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) | 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) | 0.01 |
| Index Date VA-FI Severity - N (%) | 0.031 | |||
| Robust (0 – <0.1) | 51,843 (28%) | 26,041 (29%) | 25,802 (28%) | |
| Pre-Frail (0.1 − <0.2) | 62,032 (34%) | 31,035 (34%) | 30,997 (34%) | |
| Mildly Frail (0.2 − <0.3) | 37,522 (21%) | 18,474 (20%) | 19,048 (21%) | |
| Moderately Frail (0.3 − <0.4) | 18,238 (10%) | 8,960 (9.8%) | 9,278 (10%) | |
| Severely Frail (>= 0.4) | 13,041 (7.1%) | 6,828 (7.5%) | 6,213 (6.8%) | |
| Age - Median (IQR) | 68.95 (60.31, 74.20) | 68.20 (59.61, 73.94) | 69.57 (61.07, 74.48) | −0.106 |
| Age Category - N (%) | 0.106 | |||
| 50 – 59 | 38,961 (21%) | 21,177 (23%) | 17,784 (19%) | |
| 60 – 64 | 26,288 (14%) | 13,590 (15%) | 12,698 (14%) | |
| 65 – 74 | 69,804 (38%) | 34,064 (37%) | 35,740 (39%) | |
| 75 – 110 | 47,623 (26%) | 22,507 (25%) | 25,116 (27%) | |
| Female - N (%) | 9,818 (5.4%) | 4,911 (5.4%) | 4,907 (5.4%) | 0.000 |
| Race - N (%) | 0.027 | |||
| White | 129,601 (71%) | 64,638 (71%) | 64,963 (71%) | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1,482 (0.8%) | 787 (0.9%) | 695 (0.8%) | |
| Asian | 1,164 (0.6%) | 540 (0.6%) | 624 (0.7%) | |
| Black | 42,527 (23%) | 21,228 (23%) | 21,299 (23%) | |
| Native Hawaiian/PI | 1,459 (0.8%) | 742 (0.8%) | 717 (0.8%) | |
| More than one race | 1,452 (0.8%) | 752 (0.8%) | 700 (0.8%) | |
| Missing | 4,991 (2.7%) | 2,651 (2.9%) | 2,340 (2.6%) | |
| Ethnicity - N (%) | 0.006 | |||
| Not Hispanic | 165,189 (90%) | 82,612 (90%) | 82,577 (90%) | |
| Hispanic | 11,936 (6.5%) | 5,994 (6.6%) | 5,942 (6.5%) | |
| Missing | 5,551 (3.0%) | 2,732 (3.0%) | 2,819 (3.1%) | |
| Rural - N (%) | 60,717 (33%) | 30,418 (33%) | 30,299 (33%) | 0.003 |
| BMI - Median (IQR) | 30.45 (26.88, 34.72) | 30.59 (27.09, 34.72) | 30.32 (26.69, 34.72) | 0.019 |
| Smoking Status - N (%) | ||||
| Never | 67,488 (37%) | 33,739 (37%) | 33,749 (37%) | 0.021 |
| Current | 22,156 (12%) | 10,932 (12%) | 11,224 (12%) | |
| Former | 85,091 (47%) | 42,518 (47%) | 42,573 (47%) | |
| Missing | 7,941 (4.3%) | 4,149 (4.5%) | 3,792 (4.2%) | |
| Elixhauser Index - Median (IQR) | 0.00 (0.00, 5.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 5.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 5.00) | -0.041 |
| CAN Score – Median (IQR) | 65.00 (40.00, 85.00) | 65.00 (40.00, 85.00) | 70.00 (45.00, 85.00) | −0.035 |
| COVID-19 Severity | ||||
| Mild | -- | 75,326 (85%) | -- | |
| Moderate | -- | 10,072 (11%) | -- | |
| Severe | -- | 3,009 (3.4%) | -- | |
| Missing | -- | 2,931 (3.2%) | -- |