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. 2024 Dec 30;15:10879. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55233-7

Fig. 1. Bacteria associated with preterm birth activate pro-inflammatory signalling pathways via TLR2 and TLR4.

Fig. 1

HEK TLR2 (a), HEK TLR4 (b) and VK2 vaginal epithelial cells (c, d) were incubated with bacteria (MOI = 10) overnight. TLR2-dependence of IL-8 production on VK2 cells was investigated by pre-incubating the cells for 30 min with 1 μg/ml anti-TLR2 or isotype control antibodies before stimulation. Pam2CSK4 and LPS EK were used as control ligands for HEK TLR2 and HEK TLR4 respectively. Lje Lactobacillus jensenii, Ljo Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lv Limosilactobacillus vaginalis. a, b Data are mean +/-SD (n = 3). One way ANOVA, Dunnett multiple comparison test against control (PBS) condition. c, d Data are mean +/−SD (representative of three independent experiments). Two-way ANOVA, Tuckey multiple comparison test between control (PBS) control and anti-TLR2. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.