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. 2024 Dec 30;14:31553. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82918-2

Table 12.

Results of Runtime for considered MO algorithms on ZDT benchmark problems.

Problem MOSCA MODA MOWHO MOMFO NSGA-II DEMO MOCS MOCS2Arc
ZDT1 1.6296e + 0 – 6.8671e–1 – 6.1331e–1 – 1.3567e + 0 – 1.9781e + 0 – 1.0660e + 1 – 7.8592e–1 – 5.59E–01
ZDT2 1.4307e + 0 – 6.1097e–1 – 4.5990e–1 +  5.2558e–1 =  1.8287e + 0 – 7.7914e + 0 – 7.2705e–1 – 5.27E–01
ZDT3 1.4471e + 0 – 6.9670e–1 – 5.1570e–1 +  4.9546e–1 +  2.0707e + 0 – 7.3315e + 0 – 7.5352e–1 – 5.85E–01
ZDT4 1.1969e + 0 – 6.2313e–1 – 4.5227e–1 – 5.0288e–1 – 1.7792e + 0 – 8.0954e + 0 – 5.0183e–1 – 3.12E–01
ZDT5 1.4709e + 0 – 5.9081e–1 – 5.5892e–1 – 4.4795e–1 – 3.9062e + 0 – 8.0901e + 0 – 3.9296e–1 – 3.18E–01
ZDT6 1.9845e + 0 – 7.1864e–1 – 5.9377e–1 – 4.9010e–1 – 1.8001e + 0 – 9.1741e + 0 – 4.9960e–1 – 3.06E–01
 + /–/ =  0/6/0 0/6/0 2/4/0 1/4/1 0/6/0 0/6/0 0/6/0