FIG. 3.

Circulating RANTES and ex vivo PBMC mRNA levels in healthy children with prior malaria exposure. (A) Plasma RANTES levels were determined by ELISA in children from the HC group with a history of either mild malaria (PMM; n = 14) or severe malaria (PSM; n = 9). (B) RANTES gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR on RNA isolated from PBMCs. Data are presented relative to expression of endogenous β-actin. Statistical significance was determined by Mann-Whitney U test. * denotes P < 0.05 relative to PMM; ** denotes P < 0.001 relative to PMM.