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. 2024 Dec 30;14:31587. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79669-5

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

A modified Cruess stage classification for ONHH. Stage I: pre-radiological stage with normal radiographic findings. Stage II: osteoporosis, sclerosis, or localized subchondral osteolysis without subchondral bone fracture. Stage III: The “crescent sign” appears subchondral fracture with mild loss of congruity. Stage IV: Characterized by extensive collapse of subchondral bone with severe articular incongruent surface. Stage V: Extending pathologic changes of the glenoid.