Fig. 6.

Effects of NaB on the bactericidal activity and the production of antibacterial effectors in HKMs. After the feeding trial, HKMs were isolated and cultured. (a) The equal number of E. tarda was added and coincubated with HKMs for 2 h. Thereafter, the survival rate of ingested bacteria was calculated (n = 12). (b, c) The gene expression of HIF-1α and IL-22 was measured (n = 12). (d and e) The expression of lysozyme in mRNA level (d) and enzyme activity (c) in the cells was examined (n = 6). (f) E. tarda was added (cells: bacteria = 1:1) and coincubated for 2 h, followed by the production of ROS in the cells was analyzed (n = 12). (g) After the HKMs coincubation with E. tarda for 6 h, the production of NO in cells was investigated between different groups (n = 12). Values were presented as means ± SEM. Multiple comparisons were conducted with Tukey’s test. Different superscript letters indicated significant difference (P < 0.05).