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. 2024 Dec 30;15:10822. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55160-7

Fig. 5. Deterministic Cu ion transport via strain engineering.

Fig. 5

a The linear and semilog IV curves with ~2.8 µN tip force and a time duration of 10 s. b The maximum current (Imax) under different tip forces and time duration. c The schematic of modulating Cu ions transport via the piezo- and flexo-electric effect. d The schematic of the reduced vdW gap distance and enhanced ionic migration across the vdW gap under the condition without strain (W/O strain) and with strain (W strain).