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. 2024 Dec 30;14:31976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83648-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Incidence rate and adjusted hazard ratio of COPD. Incidence rates are presented as a bar graph. Adjusted hazard ratios were presented with 95% confidence intervals as a line graph. Body mass index 21.0–21.9 kg/m² was the reference value for the hazard ratio. The value of the X-axis represents the body mass index value as a 1 kg/m² interval (e.g., 20 represents 20–20.9 kg/m²). (A) total, (B) male, (C) female. IR: incidence rate, aHR: adjusted hazard ratio, BMI: body mass index.