Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the body mass index category.
| Total | < 18.5 kg/m2 | 18.5–22.9 kg/m2 | 23.0–24.9 kg/m2 | 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6,304,769 | 479,465 | 2,950,675 | 1,208,895 | 1,397,745 | 267,989 | |
| Age, years | 30.84 ± 5.00 | 28.57 ± 4.79 | 30.21 ± 5.06 | 31.62 ± 4.82 | 32.16 ± 4.63 | 31.44 ± 4.72 |
| < 30 years | 2,668,156 (42.32) | 297,020 (61.95) | 1,417,418 (48.04) | 432,384 (35.77) | 425,984 (30.48) | 95,350 (35.58) |
| ≥ 30 years | 3,636,613 (57.68) | 182,445 (38.05) | 1,533,257 (51.96) | 776,511 (64.23) | 971,761 (69.52) | 172,639 (64.42) |
| Male sex | 3,732,656 (59.20) | 99,928 (20.84) | 1,364,031 (46.23) | 908,734 (75.17) | 1,152,716 (82.47) | 207,247 (77.33) |
| Income, lowest Q1 | 1,366,698 (21.68) | 124,404 (25.95) | 696,283 (23.60) | 233,558 (19.32) | 252,360 (18.05) | 60,093 (22.42) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non | 3,485,089 (55.28) | 373,492 (77.90) | 1,898,831 (64.35) | 560,928 (46.40) | 545,375 (39.02) | 106,463 (39.73) |
| Former | 632,360 (10.03) | 19,826 (4.14) | 228,044 (7.73) | 158,092 (13.08) | 195,218 (13.97) | 31,180 (11.63) |
| Current | 2,187,320 (34.69) | 86,147 (17.97) | 823,800 (27.92) | 489,875 (40.52) | 657,152 (47.02) | 130,346 (48.64) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Non | 2,387,538 (37.87) | 245,515 (51.21) | 1,241,992 (42.09) | 394,182 (32.61) | 416,266 (29.78) | 89,583 (33.43) |
| Mild | 3,363,223 (53.34) | 218,131 (45.49) | 1,523,550 (51.63) | 686,908 (56.82) | 794,359 (56.83) | 140,275 (52.34) |
| Heavy | 554,008 (8.79) | 15,819 (3.30) | 185,133 (6.27) | 127,805 (10.57) | 187,120 (13.39) | 38,131 (14.23) |
| Regular exercise | 807,446 (12.81) | 31,451 (6.56) | 336,996 (11.42) | 181,159 (14.99) | 216,445 (15.49) | 41,395 (15.45) |
| Metabolic syndrome | 649,198 (10.3) | 1,883 (0.39) | 54,741 (1.86) | 88,632 (7.33) | 349,136 (24.98) | 154,806 (57.77) |
| Asthma | 182,603 (2.90) | 14,715 (3.07) | 86,608 (2.94) | 32,746 (2.71) | 39,133 (2.80) | 9,401 (3.51) |
| Pneumonia | 26,538 (0.42) | 2,777 (0.58) | 12,856 (0.44) | 4,506 (0.37) | 5,171 (0.37) | 1,228 (0.46) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 77.49 ± 10.01 | 64.62 ± 4.99 | 72.17 ± 6.15 | 80.27 ± 5.38 | 86.81 ± 6.08 | 97.80 ± 8.17 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 117.71 ± 13.19 | 109.72 ± 11.18 | 114.20 ± 11.90 | 119.70 ± 12.06 | 123.78 ± 12.66 | 129.99 ± 14.47 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 73.76 ± 9.46 | 69.19 ± 8.21 | 71.48 ± 8.62 | 74.81 ± 8.83 | 77.66 ± 9.34 | 81.99 ± 10.61 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 90.87 ± 16.65 | 87.01 ± 12.07 | 88.74 ± 13.54 | 91.57 ± 16.29 | 94.46 ± 19.96 | 99.30 ± 27.37 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 184.51 ± 33.82 | 171.15 ± 28.22 | 177.43 ± 30.49 | 188.24 ± 33.58 | 197.15 ± 35.69 | 203.52 ± 37.22 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 57.34 ± 21.95 | 64.92 ± 23.93 | 60.63 ± 23.19 | 54.95 ± 20.28 | 51.48 ± 18.32 | 48.89 ± 16.96 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 104.63 ± 34.40 | 92.52 ± 29.87 | 99.46 ± 32.55 | 108.52 ± 34.28 | 113.84 ± 35.78 | 117.60 ± 36.85 |
| * Triglyceride, mg/dL | 96.61 (96.56–96.65) | 66.14 (66.06–66.22) | 79.42 (79.37–79.47) | 108.04 (107.93–108.15) | 136.93 (136.79–137.06) | 161.15 (160.80–161.49) |
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or number (%), unless otherwise indicated.
*Triglyceride is presented as the geometric mean (95% confidence interval).
HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.