Table 4.
Model path coefficient and significance level.
| Path relationship | Path coefficient | 97.5% Confidence interval | Significance | Hypothesis test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OTI—> APE | − 0.162 | [− 0.439, 0.237] | Not significant | H1Not established |
| OTM—> APE | 0.354* | [0.003, 0.631] | Significant | H2 established |
| OAD—> APE | − 0.128 | [− 0.623, 0.314] | Not significant | H3Not established |
| OMS—> APE | 0.424 | [− 0.008, 0.892] | Not significant | H4Not established |
| GR—> APE | 0.218 | [− 0.042, 0.486] | Not significant | H5Not established |
*Indicates that the path coefficient difference reaches the significance level (P < 0.05).