Table 2.
Comparison of patients carrying only CPE versus patients carrying only CPNF
| CPE N = 80 | CPNF N = 28 | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) or median (IQR) | N (%) or median (IQR) | ORe (95%CI) | p-valuef | ORe (95%CI) | p-valuef | |
| Age (years) | 68 (48–74) | 65 (54–72) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.441 | ||
| Female sex | 34 (42.5) | 11 (39.3) | 1.14 (0.47–2.75) | 0.767 | ||
| Localization before hospitalization | 0.37 (0.23–0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.36–1.30) | 0.244 | ||
|
Home Nursing home Other acute care facility |
61 (76.3) 2 (2.5) 17 (21.3) |
9 (32.1) 1 (3.6) 18 (64.3) |
||||
| Discipline/ward | 0.82 (0.54–1.23) | 0.330 | ||||
|
Surgery Medicine Isolation ward Gynaecology Urology |
31 (38.8) 40 (50.0) 8 (10.0) 1 (1.3) 0 |
13 (46.4) 12 (42.9) 0 0 3 (10.7) |
||||
|
History of hospitalizationa Stay in ICU |
69 (86.3) 9 (11.3) |
24 (85.7) 6 (21.4) |
1.05 (0.30–3.59) 0.45 (0.14–1.43) |
0.944 0.177 |
||
|
History of colonization with CPBa History of colonization with ESBL-PEa |
27 (33.8) 28 (35.0) |
2 (7.1) 4 (14.3) |
6.62 (1.46–30.01) 3.23 (1.02–10.24) |
0.014 0.046 |
10.43 (1.59–68.56) 2.65 (0.54–12.99) |
0.015 0.230 |
|
Travel historya Hospitalization abroada |
35 (43.8) 31 (38.8) |
20 (71.4) 18 (90.0) |
0.31 (0.12–0.79) 0.86 (0.14–5.18) |
0.014 0.870 |
0.68 (0.19–2.41) | 0.550 |
| CCI | 2 (1–4) | 1 (0–2) | 1.84 (1.31–2.60) | 0.001 | 1.58 (1.04–2.40) | 0.031 |
| Antibiotic therapy prior to detection of CPBb | 53 (66.3) | 24 (85.7) | 0.33 (0.10–1.04) | 0.058 | ||
| Immunosuppressing therapya | 20 (25.0) | 3 (10.7) | 2.78 (0.76–10.19) | 0.124 | ||
| PPIa | 43 (53.8) | 12 (42.9) | 1.55 (0.65–3.69) | 0.323 | ||
| Chronic wounds | 9 (11.3) | 7 (25.0) | 0.38 (0.13–1.14) | 0.085 | ||
| Recent surgerya | 36 (45.0) | 15 (53.6) | 0.71 (0.30–1.68) | 0.435 | ||
| Urinary catheterizationc | 20 (25.0) | 22 (78.6) | 0.09 (0.03–0.26) | < 0.001 | 0.10 (0.03–0.35) | < 0.001 |
| Vascular hardwared | 7 (8.8) | 5 (17.9) | 0.44 (0.13–1.52) | 0.196 | ||
| Outcome | ||||||
| Infection due to CPB | 17 (21.3) | 8 (28.6) | 0.67 (0.25–1.80) | 0.431 | ||
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 15 (9–32) | 22 (9–41) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.143 | ||
| Death | 4 (5.1) | 9 (32.1) | 0.11 (0.03–0.41) | 0.001 | ||
Significant p-values are indicated in bold and defined as a p-value < 0.05
CPE, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; CPNF, carbapenemases-producing non-fermenting bacteria; IQR, interquartile range; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; PPI, proton pump inhibitor
awithin the prior 12 months
b within the prior 3 months
c within the prior 30 days
d in place ≥ 7 days
e OR (Odds ratio) > 1 indicates higher odds for colonization with CPE, while OR < 1 indicates higher odds for colonization with CPNF