Fig. 4.

Aerobic exercise restored skeletal muscle glycogen anabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. (a-d) mRNA expression of Irs1, Akt, Glut4, and Gsk-3β. (e-f) Phosphorylated and total protein levels of IRS1 and AKT represented as p-IRS1/IRS1 and p-AKT/AKT ratios. (g-h) Protein levels of GLUT4 and GSK-3β. (i) Representative western blot images of p-IRS1, IRS1, p-AKT, AKT, GSK-3β, GLUT4, and internal control GAPDH in quadriceps. For western blot, we selected 3 animals from each group, and assessments were repeated for 3 times, which gives 9 protein bands per group (n = 3 per group). All data are presented as mean ± SEM; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001