Fig. 8.

Mechanism diagram of daidzein improving lovastatin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Mechanistic studies revealed that statins induced the phosphorylation of FOXO3a by activating AMPK, leading to the nuclear translocation of FOXO3a and transcriptional activation of muscle protein degradation-related enzymes Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, thereby initiating pathological muscle degradation processes. Our study identified daidzein as an effective component that ameliorates lovastatin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through blockage of abnormal activation of AMPK/FOXO3a and transcriptional activation of genes encoding downstream muscle-related proteins