Table 3:

Summary of studies on TRT effect on HIV/AIDS

Authors, Year	Country	Study Design	Number of Participants	Intervention	Outcome of Interest	Study Findings
Blick et al (2013)	USA	Prospective	849	Administration of 5 mg or 10 mg of 1% testosterone gel per day topically; in cohorts with and without HIV Duration: 12 months	Total testosterone, free testosterone levels, symptoms of depression, sexual function, body composition profiles, and prostate-specific antigen levels	Both men with and without HIV experienced elevations in total testosterone, and free testosterone levels to within normal ranges. For both cohorts, sexual function and depression scores improved and antidepressant medication use decreased. Body composition profiles improved significantly in men without HIV/AIDS and remained stable in men with HIV/AIDS during the 12 months of follow up.
Bhasin et al (2000)	USA	Prospective RCT	61	100 mg testosterone enanthate/week intramuscularly with exercise Duration: 16 weeks	Changes in muscle strength, body weight, thigh muscle volume, and lean body mass	Testosterone and resistance exercise increased body weight, muscle mass, muscle strength, and lean body mass. Testosterone and exercise together did not produce greater gains than either intervention alone.
Grinspoon et al (2000)	USA	Prospective RCT	54	200 mg testosterone enanthate/week or placebo and progressive resistance training 3 times/week or no training Duration: 12 weeks	Cross-sectional muscle area and other indices of muscle mass	Cross-sectional muscle area increased in response to training compared with non-training and in response to testosterone therapy compared with placebo.
Kong and Edmonds (2002)	USA	Review/meta-analysis	417	Review of randomized, placebo-controlled trails that compared the effects of TRT vs. placebo	Lean body mass, total body weight, overall exercise functional capacity, and perceived quality of life	The meta-analysis of the six trials showed a difference in the lean body mass between the testosterone group and placebo group of 1.22 kg in the random effect model, 0.51 kg in the fixed effect model, and 3.34 kg for trials that used the intramuscular route.

RCT = Randomized Control Trial