TABLE 3.
Regimens for latent TB treatment, according to pooled efficacy, risk of hepatotoxicity, adverse events, and drug interactions
| Drug | Regimen dosage | OR (95% CI) fora: | Adverse events | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Efficacy vs placebo | Efficacy vs 6 mo of isoniazid | Hepatotoxicity vs 6 mo of isoniazid | |||
| Isoniazid alone for 6 mo or 9 mo | Adults, 5 mg/kg; children, 10 mg/kg (maximum, 300 mg) | 6-mo regimen, 0.61 (0.48–0.77); 9-mo regimen, 0.39 (0.19–0.83) | Not applicable for 6-mo regimen, and not available for 9-mo regimen | Not applicable for 6-mo regimen and not available for 9-mo regimen | Drug-induced liver injury, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, peripheral neuropathy, dizziness, drowsiness, and seizure |
| Rifampin alone for 3 to 4 mo | Adults, 10 mg/kg; children, 10 mg/kg (maximum if <45 kg, 450 mg; maximum if >45 kg, 600 mg) | 0.48 (0.26–0.87) | 0.78 (0.41–1.46) | 0.03 (0.00–0.48) | Influenza-like syndrome, rash, drug-induced liver injury, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and renal reactions (e.g., acute tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis) |
| Isoniazid plus rifampin for 3 to 4 mo | Adults, 10 mg/kg; children, 10 mg/kg (maximum if <45 kg, 450 mg; maximum if >45 kg, 600 mg) | 0.52 (0.33–0.84) | 0.89 (0.65–1.23) | 0.89 (0.52–1.55) | Influenza-like syndrome, rash, drug-induced liver injury, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and renal reactions (e.g., acute tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis) |
| Weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid for 3 mo | Adults and children: rifapentine, 15–30 mg/kg (maximum, 900 mg)b; isoniazid, 15 mg/kg (maximum, 900 mg) | Not available | 0.44 (0.18–1.07)c | 0.16 (0.10–0.27)c | Hypersensitivity reactions, petechial rash, drug-induced liver injury, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and hypotensive reactions |
a
Data on efficacy and hepatotoxicity are from the work of Stagg et al. (33). Reprinted from New England Journal of Medicine, with permission of the publisher (5).
b
The following incremental adjustments are required for persons weighing less than 50 kg: 10.0 to 14.0 kg, 300 mg; 14.1 to 25.0 kg, 450 mg; 25.1 to 32.0 kg, 600 mg; and 32.1 to 49.9 kg, 750 mg.
c
The comparison is with 9 months of isoniazid.