TABLE 1.

Selected human genetic associations with fungal susceptibility discussed in this article

Gene	Immunological phenotype	Associated disease
Dectin-1	Dimunition of cytokine responses	Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, onychomycosis, and intra-abdominal Candida
CARD9	Dimunition of cytokine responsesDefective neutrophil chemotaxis	Disseminated candidiasis
TLR1	Decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18	Candidemia
TLR2	Decreased IFN-γ and IL-8	Candidemia
TLR3	Reduced activation of NF-κB and decreased IFN-γ	Cutaneous candidiasis
NALP3	Decreased IL-1β?	Candidiasis-mediated vestibulitis
MDA5	Decreased type I IFNs	Systemic candidiasis
STAT1	Decreased IL-17 production, elevated cell response to IFNs, IFN-γ,s and IL-27Defective IL-12R and IL-23R signaling	Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis
STAT3	Defective Th17 polarization, decreased IL-17/IL-22-expressing T cells, decreased IL-17-induced antimicrobial peptides	Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, nail dermatophytosis
Autoimmune regulator	Neutralizing antibodies to IL-17 and IL-22	Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
IL-17/IL-17R	Lack of IL-17 cellular responses	Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
IL-12RA	Impaired IL-12 and IL-23-mediated expression of IFN-γ	Coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis