Table 1.
Summary of construction item statistics.
| Construct | Item | Item description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Safety climate (SC) | SC1 | Construction enterprise will provide all the necessary equipment related to safety training regardless of cost. | (53, 79) |
| SC2 | When construction workers appear unsafe behavior (operation without safety training), site safety personnel will immediately intervene and order them to stop operation. | ||
| SC3 | The safety staff of the site management promptly addresses and resolves any safety issues that arise, ensuring their long-term resolution. | ||
| SC4 | The site management thinks that safety is more important than productivity. | ||
| Self-efficacy (SE) | SE1 | I believe I can handle virtual reality hardware very well. | (58, 80) |
| SE2 | I believe my performance in virtual reality to match that in real-life scenarios. | ||
| SE3 | I believe VRTS can improve my operation level. | ||
| Perceived usefulness (PU) | PU1 | I believe that VRTS are more efficient than traditional trainings. | (29, 81) |
| PU2 | I believe using VR hardware would help improve my training experience. | ||
| PU3 | I believe that VRTS could help me adapt workplace more quickly. | ||
| PU4 | I believe that VRTS could help me reduce my unsafe behavior. | ||
| Perceived ease of use (PEU) | PEU1 | I believe the VR hardware is easy to use. | (29, 81) |
| PEU2 | I believe the content of VRTS is easy to understand. | ||
| PEU3 | I believe that virtual reality training systems are flexible to interact with. | ||
| Attitude toward learning VR content (ATT1) | ATT11 | I am satisfied with the content of virtual reality training systems. | (29, 78, 82) |
| ATT12 | I prefer the content presented in a VR technology environment compared to the traditional way of presenting training content. | ||
| ATT13 | The way the content is presented in the VR technology environment will make me more aware of the content. | ||
| Attitude toward using VR-hardware (ATT2) | ATT21 | I prefer to use VR hardware for interaction when conducting VR technology training. | |
| ATT22 | I am satisfied with the effectiveness of training using virtual reality hardware when conducting virtual reality technology training. | ||
| ATT23 | I think using VR hardware is a wise choice when training in VR technology. | ||
| Intention to use VR (IUV) | IUV1 | I will accept VRTS within the foreseeable future. | (29, 78, 82) |
| IUV2 | I will recommend CWs to use virtual reality training systems. | ||
| IUV3 | Using virtual reality training systems in the foreseeable future is important to me. | ||
| Subjective norm (SN) | SN1 | Your close family members, including parents, children, and spouse, would encourage your use of virtual reality training systems. | (16, 83, 84) |
| SN2 | Your coworkers or supervisor, who have an influence on you, would support the idea of using virtual reality training systems. | ||
| SN3 | Your parents, children, and spouse, who hold significance in your life, would prefer that you should use VRTS. | ||
| Perceived behavioral control (PBC) | PBC1 | I can skillfully use virtual reality hardware. | (16, 20) |
| PBC2 | I have the resources, knowledge, and ability to use virtual reality. | ||
| PBC3 | Using virtual reality hardware was entirely within my control. | ||
| Risk-perception (RP) | How concerned or unsafe would you feel about potential negative consequences if you encounter the following work events or situations? | (43, 48) | |
| RP1 | Get directly involved in the field without accept virtual reality training systems. | ||
| RP2 | Without understanding the overall construction environment, directly participate in the site work. | ||
| RP3 | Without using more experiential VR hardware when received VRTS. | ||
| Actual VR usage (AVU) | AVU1 | How many times will you use virtual reality training systems during a week? | |
| 1. Not at all. | |||
| 2. About once a week. | |||
| 3. 2–3 times a week. | |||
| 4. 4–5 times a week. | |||
| 5. About once a day. | |||
| AVU2 | How many hours will you use virtual reality training systems every week? | ||
| 1. <1 h | |||
| 2. 1–5 h | |||
| 3. 5–10 h | |||
| 4. 10–15 h | |||
| 5. >15 h | |||
| AVU3 | How much time will you use before entering the site? | ||
| 1. <10 min | |||
| 2. 10–20 min | |||
| 3. 20–30 min | |||
| 4. 30–40 min | |||
| 5. >40 min | |||