Table 2.

Factors influencing inter- and transdisciplinarity in our project.

Category	Positive influence	Negative influence
Individual factors	Project coordinator’s commitment, relational and communication skills Openness of most project members to interdisciplinarity	Limited interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary experience among members
Institutional factors	Incentives to pursue inter- and transdisciplinary approaches	Lack of specific incentives for ITDR approaches on SARS-cov2 Time pressure in short-term projects Pressure to publish, limiting time for inter- and transdisciplinary activities
Project design and management	Site-based approach to studying relationships between rodents, pathogens, and humans	Lack of early involvement of societal actors in the project Lack of social scientists outside France High proportion of students with a disciplinary training
Geographical and linguistic factors		Physical distance between project members Use of English for interviews with societal actors at national level outside France, limiting engagement
Related to the pandemic	Increased awareness of zoonoses and their impact	Restrictions on in-person fieldwork and meetings during the first 2 years
Problem wickedness	Productive discussions with site managers on practical communication and management issues and on the health-biodiversity nexus	Difficulty engaging other societal actors