Multiplex PCR targeting genes encoding four virulence-associated properties: yst (145 (bp), rfbC (405 bp), ail (454 bp), and virF (700 bp). Lanes: 1, 2, and 3, Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3; 4, Y. enterocolitica O:8; 5, Y. pseudotuberculosis; M, 100-bp ladder as the DNA size control (no. 27-4007-01; Amersham Biosciences).