Table 4.

Summary of the content of virgin n-3 PUFAs in milk with fish oil supplement in the diet.

Fish oil Dosage	Breed	n-3 PUFAs in milk g/100 g fatty acid					Results	References
		ALA	ETE	EPA	DPA	DHA
0 g/d	cow	0.41	0.013	0.06	0.09	0.03	–The concentration in milk Increased: ETE, EPA, DPA, and DHA No influence: ALA	[93]
75 g/d		0.38	0.017	0.06	0.08	0.03
150 g/d		0.39	0.056	0.07	0.1	0.05
300 g/d		0.48	0.323	0.17	0.18	0.10
0 %	Holstein cows	0.51	–	0.23	–	0.59	–The concentration in milk Increased: EPA and DHA No influence: ALA	[88]
1.80 %		0.44	–	1.66	–	3.11
0 %	Holstein cows	0.75	0.001	0.003	–	0.001	–The concentration in milk Increased: ALA, ETE, EPA, DPA, and DHA	[77]
1.10 %		0.84	0.019	0.060	–	0.117
0	Holstein cows	0.4	0	0.03	0.06	0.02	–The concentration in milk Increased: ETE, EPA, DPA, and DHA No influence: ALA	[92]
0.80 %		0.41	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.03
0 %	Brown Swiss cows	1.04	–	0.14	0.2	0.06	–The concentration in milk Increased: EPA, DPA, and DHA No influence: ALA	[90]
2.00 %		1.35	–	0.39	0.3	0.15
0 %	Assaf ewes	0.33	0.02	0.03	0.06	0.02	–The concentration in milk Increased: ETE, EPA, DPA, and DHA No influence: ALA	[94]
1 %		0.34	0.05	0.15	0.18	0.38
0 %	Assaf ewes	0.56	–	0.06	0.09	0.16	–The concentration in milk Increased: EPA, DPA, and DHA No influence: ALA	[96]
1.70 %		0.4	–	0.42	0.44	1.18
0 %	Assaf ewes	0.58	–	0.07	0.1	0.03	–The concentration in milk Increased: EPA, DPA, and DHA No influence: ALA	[95]
1.50 %		0.46	–	0.35	0.35	0.99

n-3 PUFAs: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, ALA: α-linolenic acid, ETE: eicosatrienoic acid, EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid, DPA: docosapentaenoic acid, DHA: docosahexaenoic acid.