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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 2.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun Integr. 2024 Aug 23;8:100081. doi: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100081

Fig. 1. Experimental timeline and plasma corticosterone (CORT) measurements indicative of impaired HPA axis stress reactivity in adult offspring.

Fig. 1.

(A) Experimental timeline. (B) In males, plasma CORT was elevated in RQ-R adult offspring compared to the other groups. Plasma CORT was greater in restraint/recovery groups in adult female offspring (VEH-R/RQ-R vs. NR) and overall greater with prenatal RQ treatment (RQ-NR/RQ-R vs. VEH). E = embryonic day, P = postnatal day, HPA = Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal, VEH = vehicle, RQ = Resiquimod, NR = no restraint, R = restraint H-recovery, CORT = corticosterone, PVN = paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, 3 V = 3rd ventricle, FITC = fluorescein isothiocyanate, IBA-1 = ionizing binding calcium adaptor molecule-1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p<0.0001. Error bars represented as +/− SEM. n = 6–9 mice / group.