Table 1.
The characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Country | Design | Duration | Sample size | AKI (%) | Diagnosis | Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu et al. (2024) (6) | China | Retrospective | 2014–2019 | 172 | 67 (39%) | KDIGO | Patient characteristics, NS type, lab test, infections, nephrotoxic drugs. |
| Ghosh et al. (2023) (11) | India | Prospective cohort study | 2020–2021 | 200 | 36 (18%) | KDIGO | Patient characteristics, nephrotoxic drugs, lab test. |
| Ishiwa et al. (2022) (12) | Japan | Retrospective cohort | 2002–2018 | 62 | 16 (25.8%) | KDIGO | Patient characteristics. |
| Anigilaje and Ibraheem (2022) (13) | Nigeria | Retrospective | 2016–2021 | 75 | 19 (25.3%) | pRIFLE | Patient characteristics, lab test. |
| Yang et al. (2020) (14) | Korea | Retrospective multicenter study | 2013–2017 | 363 | 89 (24.5%) | KDIGO | Patient characteristics, NS type, lab test. |
| Sato et al. (2021) (15) | Japan | Nationwide retrospective cohort | 2010–2012 | 999 | 240 (24%) | KDIGO | Patient characteristics, serum albumin, concomitant diseases. |
| Kumar et al. (2021) (16) | India | Prospective observational study | 2017–2018 | 54 | 23 (42.6%) | KDIGO | Patient characteristics, NS type, nephrotoxic drugs. |
| Prasad et al. (2019) (17) | India | Retrospective Observational study | 2016–2017 | 73 | 13 (16%) | KDIGO | Patient characteristics, NS type, nephrotoxic drugs, lab test. |
| Sharma et al. (2018) (18) | India | Retrospective study | 2012–1015 | 355 | 84 (23.7%) | pRIFLE | Patient characteristics, nephrotoxic drugs, infections. |
| Kim et al. (2018) (19) | Korea | Retrospective study | 2015–2017 | 65 | 29 (32.2%) | KDIGO | Patient characteristics, nephrotoxic drugs, lab test. |
| Rheault et al. (2015) (20) | North America | Multicenter retrospective study | 2010–2012 | 366 | 197 (58.6%) | pRIFLE | Patient characteristics, NS type, infections, lab test. |
AKI, acute kidney injury; KDIGO, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; NS, nephrotic syndrome; pRIFLE, Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage Renal Disease criteria.