Table 1.
Characteristics of asthma and non-asthma participants.
| Characteristics | Asthma (n = 2,446) |
Non-asthma (n = 14,361) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| 18-44 | 1,253 (54.94) | 6,397 (48.04) | |
| 45-59 | 612 (27.20) | 3,640 (29.35) | |
| ≥60 | 581 (17.87) | 4,324 (22.62) | |
| Gender (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Male | 1,172 (44.83) | 8,423 (55.99) | |
| Female | 1,274 (55.17) | 5,938 (44.01) | |
| Race (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Mexican American | 203 (4.14) | 2,291 (7.35) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1,283 (73.63) | 7,169 (73.70) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 554 (10.81) | 2,666 (8.74) | |
| Other | 406 (11.42) | 2,235 (10.21) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <0.0001 | ||
| 18.50-24.99 | 43 (1.63) | 229 (1.55) | |
| 18.50-24.99 | 643 (28.76) | 4,201 (30.41) | |
| 25.00-29.99 | 732 (28.94) | 4,994 (34.03) | |
| ≥30.00 | 1,028 (40.67) | 4,934 (34.00) | |
| PIR | <0.0001 | ||
| <1.00 | 562 (16.62) | 2,559 (11.85) | |
| 1.00-1.99 | 670 (21.35) | 3,593 (18.77) | |
| ≥2.00 | 1,214 (62.03) | 8,209 (69.38) | |
| Education level | 0.0062 | ||
| High school or below | 1,072 (37.83) | 6,806 (40.21) | |
| Some college | 889 (38.15) | 4,439 (32.70) | |
| College graduate or above | 485 (25.02) | 3,116 (25.06) | |
| Drinking exposure | 0.6379 | ||
| Yes | 2,203 (90.87) | 13,126 (91.25) | |
| No | 243 (9.13) | 1,235 (8.75) | |
| Smoking exposure | 0.2642 | ||
| Yes | 2,105 (85.53) | 12,231 (84.17) | |
| No | 341 (14.47) | 2,130 (15.83) | |
| Hypertension history | 0.0062 | ||
| Yes | 900 (32.13) | 4,594 (28.68) | |
| No | 1,546 (67.87) | 9,767 (71.32) | |
| Diabetes history | 0.0284 | ||
| Yes | 310 (8.59) | 1,372 (7.19) | |
| No | 2,136 (91.41) | 12,989 (92.81) | |
| COPD | <0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 595 (24.33) | 768 (5.35) | |
| No | 1,851 (75.67) | 13,593 (94.65) | |
| CKD | 0.0468 | ||
| Yes | 124 (5.34) | 882 (6.42) | |
| No | 2,197 (94.66) | 12,848 (93.58) | |
| Have stroke (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 117 (3.53) | 384 (1.89) | |
| No | 2,329 (96.48) | 13,977 (98.11) | |
| Have congestive heart failure (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 109 (3.43) | 320 (1.47) | |
| No | 2,337 (96.57) | 14,041 (98.53) | |
| Have coronary heart disease (%) | 0.9581 | ||
| Yes | 105 (3.35) | 576 (3.33) | |
| No | 2,341 (96.65) | 13,785 (96.67) | |
| Have angina/angina pectoris (%) | 0.0010 | ||
| Yes | 90 (3.02) | 384 (1.89) | |
| No | 2,356 (96.98) | 14,038 (98.18) |
Bold values indicate statistical significance.
BMI, body mass index; PIR, the ratio of family income to poverty; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.