Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of the association between asthma and cardiovascular disease.
| Stroke | Congestive heart failure | Coronary heart disease | Angina/Angina pectoris | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age(years old) | ||||||||
| 18–44 | 3.302 (1.863–5.851) | <0.0001 | 1.194 (0.512–2.783) | 0.6812 | 1.939 (0.699–2.086) | 0.5206 | 2.179 (0.984–4.821) | 0.0547 |
| 45–59 | 1.315 (0.806–2.144） | 0.2729 | 1.950 (1.121–3.392) | 0.0181 | 0.694 (0.380–1.268) | 0.2352 | 2.223 (1.270–3.891) | 0.0052 |
| ≥60 | 1.146 (0.804–1.633) | 0.4502 | 1.504 (1.046–2.163) | 0.0277 | 0.883 (0.631–1.235) | 0.4681 | 0.879 (0.584–1.323) | 0.5358 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 1.439 (1.017–2.037) | 0.0400 | 1.508 (1.049–2.168) | 0.0265 | 0.876 (0.624–1.229) | 0.4430 | 1.032 (0.686–1.553) | 0.8786 |
| Female | 1.485 (1.032–2.137) | 0.0332 | 1.742 (1.105–2.747) | 0.0168 | 0.715 (0.424–1.205) | 0.2075 | 1.709 (1.090–2.680) | 0.0196 |
| Race | ||||||||
| Mexican American | 1.007 (0.324–3.136) | 0.9901 | 1.251 (0.373–4.197) | 0.7166 | 0.593 (0.168–2.097) | 0.4176 | 1.759 (0.567–5.456) | 0.3279 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.381 (0.978–1.951) | 0.0667 | 1.751 (1.219–2.5514) | 0.0024 | 0.965 (0.653–1.424) | 0.3380 | 1.381 (0.978–1.951) | 0.8560 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.581 (0.998–2.504) | 0.0508 | 2.222 (1.282–3.849) | 0.0044 | 0.738 (0.374–1.458) | 0.3820 | 2.715 (1.378–5.348) | 0.0039 |
| Other | 1.457 (0.691–3.071) | 0.3232 | 0.346 (0.113–1.055) | 0.0620 | 1.137 (0.478–2.702) | 0.7713 | 1.826 (0.782–4.266) | 0.1641 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | ||||||||
| <18.50 | 1.119 (0.153–8.181) | 0.9121 | 1.081 (0.116–10.048) | 0.9452 | 1.684 (0.196–14.454) | 0.6348 | 0.375 (0.008–18.268) | 0.6205 |
| 18.50–24.99 | 1.690 (1.009–2.831) | 0.0460 | 1.424 (0.699–2.901) | 0.3303 | 0.732 (0.379–1.414) | 0.3524 | 1.060 (0.498–2.256) | 0.8797 |
| 25.00–29.99 | 1.727 (1.072–2.783) | 0.0247 | 2.688 (1.600–4.517) | <0.0001 | 0.815 (0.483–1.373) | 0.4414 | 0.698 (0.371–1.313） | 0.2652 |
| ≥30.00 | 1.296 (0.901–1.864) | 0.1617 | 1.277 (0.867–1.881) | 0.2166 | 0.784 (0.526–1.169) | 0.2330 | 1.827 (1.228–2.719) | 0.0029 |
| PIR | ||||||||
| <1.00 | 3.477 (2.209–5.472) | <0.0001 | 2.294 (1.251–4.205) | 0.0073 | 0.539 (0.2665–1.097) | 0.0882 | 1.955 (1.032–3.704) | 0.0398 |
| 1.00–1.99 | 0.892 (0.538–1.480) | 0.6588 | 1.403 (0.849–2.320) | 0.1867 | 0.824 (0.485–1.399) | 0.4737 | 1.154 (0.663–2.008) | 0.6125 |
| ≥2.00 | 1.108 (0.739–1.660) | 0.6199 | 1.419 (0.922–2.185) | 0.1118 | 0.916 (0.629–1.333) | 0.6453 | 1.135 (0.729–1.768) | 0.5740 |
| Education level | ||||||||
| High school or below | 1.603 (1.1552–2.230) | 0.0051 | 1.528 (1.031–2.267) | 0.0349 | 0.648 (0.425–0.986) | 0.0427 | 1.433 (0.930–2.207) | 0.1029 |
| Some college | 1.191 (0.754–1.883) | 0.4534 | 1.755 (1.101–2.798) | 0.0181 | 1.1667 (0.744–1.831) | 0.5008 | 1.372 (0.851–2.210) | 0.1944 |
| College graduate or above | 1.521 (0.746–3.100) | 0.2488 | 1.436 (0.620–3.329) | 0.3987 | 0.690 (0.339–1.403) | 0.3053 | 0.884 (0.377–2.072) | 0.7767 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance.
OR, odd ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; Ref, reference; BMI, body mass index; PIR, the ratio of family income to poverty.
All data were adjusted for smoking exposure, drinking exposure, hypertension history, diabetes history, COPD history, and CKD history.