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. 2025 Jan 2;16:58. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54785-y

Fig. 4. Scheme of the rapid repair process of demineralized enamel by GCPC via a water-triggered transformation.

Fig. 4

GCPC rapidly infiltrates the acid-etched enamel defects, forming ACP nanoparticles and nanowires in artificial saliva upon solvent exchange. These species are further fused and transformed into HAP nanorods, creating a repair layer on the enamel surface.