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. 2025 Jan 2;15:116. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83864-9

Table 5.

Comparative analysis of the proposed antenna and Taguchi’s iterations.

Technique Size of antenna (mm2) Reduction in size with respect to size of antenna considering traditional method (%)
Taguchi’s first iteration (15th design experiment) 49.39 × 40.35 41.02
Taguchi’s second iteration (25th design experiment) 47.14 × 40.35 43.71
Proposed design with shorting vias 23.57 × 40.35 71.85