Table 7.

Comparative analysis of convergence time and no. of experiments in different techniques.

Technique	No. of experimentations	Convergence time and computation efficiency metric elements
Quasi-Newton (EM solvers build-in optimization)	3125 (5 antenna parameters for five different levels)	Mesh generation: 0.42 min Solver setup: 0.28 min Convergence time: 93.22 min Total convergence time: 93.92 min Simulation time/iteration: 0.03 min
Taguchi method	225 (Nine iterations of 25 experiments each)	Mesh generation: 0.42 min Solver setup: 0.28 min Convergence time: 9.50 min Total convergence time: 10.20 min Simulation time/iteration: 0.045 min
Hybrid approach: quasi-Newton + Taguchi orthogonal array	50 (Two iterations of 25 experiments each)	Mesh generation: 0.42 min Solver setup: 0.28 min Convergence time: 1.15 min Total convergence time: 1.85 min Simulation time/iteration: 0.037 min