TABLE 1.
First detection of I . scapularis or I . pacificus , Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) in I . scapularis or I . pacificus , and Bb in a mammal in each province across Canada amongst 115 reviewed surveillance articles.
| Province a | Year b | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ixodes c | ||
| ON | 1972 | Watson and Anderson (1976) |
| NS | 1984 | Bell, Specht, and Coombs (1992) |
| PEI | 1989 | Cawthorn, Horney, and Maloney (1990) |
| MN | 1990–2003 | Ogden, Trudel et al. (2006) |
| NB | 1990–2003 | Ogden, Trudel et al. (2006) |
| NL | 1990–2003 | Ogden, Trudel et al. (2006) |
| QC | 1990–2003 | Ogden, Trudel et al. (2006) |
| BC | 1993–2006 | Mak, Morshed, and Henry (2010) |
| AB | 1998 | Scott et al. (2001) |
| SK | 1998 | Lindsay et al. (1999) |
| Bb in ixodes c | ||
| ON | 1990 | Lindsay et al. (1991) |
| PEI | 1991 | Artsob et al. (1992) |
| MN | 1990–2003 | Ogden, Trudel et al. (2006) |
| NB | 1990–2003 | Ogden, Trudel et al. (2006) |
| NL | 1990–2003 | Ogden, Trudel et al. (2006) |
| QC | 1990–2003 | Ogden, Trudel et al. (2006) |
| NS | 2001 | Scott et al. (2001) |
| BC | 2003 | Morshed et al. (2005) |
| SK | 2009 | Scott, Anderson, and Durden (2012) |
| AB | 2012 | Dibernardo et al. (2014) |
| Bb in mammals c | ||
| ON | 1987 | Barker et al. (1993) |
| QC | 2007–2008 | Bouchard et al. (2011) |
| AB | 2008 | Villeneuve et al. (2011) |
| MN | 2008 | Villeneuve et al. (2011) |
| NB | 2008 | Villeneuve et al. (2011) |
| NS | 2008 | Villeneuve et al. (2011) |
| PEI | 2008 | Villeneuve et al. (2011) |
| SK | 2008 | Villeneuve et al. (2011) |
| BC | 2008–2012 | Qurollo et al. (2014) |
| NL | 2008–2015 | Evason et al. (2019) |
AB = Alberta, BC = British Columbia, MB = Manitoba, NB = New Brunswick, NL = Newfoundland & Labrador, NS = Nova Scotia, ON = Ontario, PEI = Prince Edward Island, QC = Quebec, SK = Saskatchewan.
Year indicates earliest study collection year detailed in the reviewed surveillance articles where Ixodes, Bb in Ixodes and Bb in a mammal. Where exact year of collection of first positive Ixodes or Bb‐positive specimen in Ixodes or mammal was not specified, the study collection start year was used.
Ixodes = I . scapularis or I. pacificus ; Bb = Borrelia burgdorferi . Detection of Bb includes identification by any testing technique (PCR, culture or antibody) in Ixodes or mammal collected via passive or active surveillance methods.