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. 2025 Jan 2;16:276. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55661-5

Fig. 2. GSSG treatment prevents hypoxia-induced myocardial dysfunction.

Fig. 2

A, B Representative images of mitochondrial morphology (green) from fluorescence microscopy A and electron microscopy B in NRCMs pretreated with GSSG under normoxia (Nor) or hypoxia (Hyp). The percentage of cells with vesicle-type mitochondria A was quantified. (n = 3 independent experiments). Arrowheads show mitochondria with broken cristae structure. Scale bars, 50 µm A or 1 µm B. C Representative images of mitochondrial membrane potential. The percentage of average JC-1 red/green ratio was quantified. (n = 3 independent experiments). Scale bars, 50 µm. D Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in NRCMs pretreated with GSSG under Nor or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Oligomycin (O), FCCP (F), and rotenone + antimycin A (R & A) were added at the indicated timing. Right graphs show the quantitative analysis of maximal respiration. (n = 4 independent experiments). E Representative images of SA-β-gal staining in NRCMs pretreated with GSSG under Nor or H/R. The percentage of SA-β-gal positive cells (indicated by arrowheads) was quantified. (n = 3 independent experiments). Scale bars, 50 µm. F Representative traces of contraction speed of NRCMs. The contraction was calculated (n = 3 independent experiments). Data are shown as the means ± SEM. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.