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. 2025 Jan 2;16:60. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55198-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Comparison of betas expressed as change in standard deviation of mean RPS for lead variants identified from the discovery (UK Biobank, n = 37067) genome-wide association study (GWAS) with their corresponding betas in the replication (EPIC-Norfolk, n = 4273) analysis, with 95% confidence intervals. Betas in the cohort were calculated using a generalised linear mixed model, adjusting for age, sex and the first ten principal components. P-values are two-sided, calculated from the z-statistic and corrected for multiple comparisons. Variants meeting the Bonferroni-adjusted replication significance threshold (p = 0.05/ variants) in the EPIC-Norfolk GWAS are shaded black. The nearest gene is annotated for variants achieving genome-wide significance. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.