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. 2025 Jan 2;15:186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83984-2

Table 3.

Significant factors associated with mortality in all patients.

Variable Univariate Multivariate
HR (95%CI) p-value HR (95%CI) p-value
Decompensated cirrhosis 7.291 (3.918–13.569)  < 0.001 6.079 (3.134–11.795)  < 0.001
Child–Pugh score 1.528 (1.335–1.750)  < 0.001
MELD score 1.194 (1.107–1.287)  < 0.001
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 1.453 (1.236–1.708)  < 0.001 1.251 (1.043–1.502) 0.016
Albumin (g/dL) 0.251 (0.159–0.396)  < 0.001
Prothrombin time (%) 0.978 (0.964–0.993) 0.004
M2BPGi (C.O.I.) 1.138 (1.071–1.210)  < 0.001
Osteoporosis 1.894 (1.086–3.305) 0.024
Frailty 4.520 (2.511–8.137)  < 0.001 3.564 (1.918–6.625)  < 0.001
Fracture 3.037 (1.713–5.384)  < 0.001 2.470 (1.365–4.472) 0.003
HCC 2.642 (1.403–4.974) 0.003 3.274 (1.676–6.394)  < 0.001

CI, confidence interval; C.O.I., cut-off index; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; M2BPGi, Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.