Fig. 5.

Dimorphic roles for NADPH in ferroptosis. NADPH promotes lipid synthesis for phospholipid production and is used by enzymes like heme-containing NADPH oxidases (NOXs) that transfer electrons from cytosolic NADPH to generate ROS, which promote lipid peroxidation (PUFA-OOH). Yet, NADPH is also recruited by anti-ferroptotic enzymes to prevent lipid peroxidation and to generate ferroptosis-resistant phospholipids (PUFA-OH). The recruitment of NADPH for ferroptosis-defence appears to be dominant in homeostasis, potentially to check the pro-ferroptosis pathways it fuels. Figure created using Biorender.com