Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2025 Jan 2;16:304. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54478-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — a G. multidiverticulata type locality at the cave Buraco do Bicho, located in the Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Detail of the cave entrance. b Two sibling morphotypes emerging from an egg capsule; one morphotype presents small pigmented eyes (discernible eyes) and the other has no visible eyes (non-discernible eyes). Scale bar, 5 mm. c Phylogeny (consensus tree) of the main groups of terrestrial Dugesiidae; G. multidiverticulata is a sister species to other Girardia species, together forming a monophyletic group. The sister clade of the Girardia species group includes Cura, Dugesia, Schmidtea, and Recurva. Consensus tree is supported by phylogeny based on four gene markers (COI, EF, 28S, and 18S rDNA type I and II) (Supplementary Fig. 1 and Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). d Comparative morphologies of the eyes in surface and cave planarians using live-imaging (top two rows), and by double labeling (bottom row) using fluorescent in situ hybridization of opsin mRNA in photoreceptor cells (cyan) and immunocytochemistry for Arrestin (axonal projections converge and cross the midline of the head). Similar results were observed in G. multidiverticulata non-discernible eyes n = 86; G. multidiverticulata discernible eyes n = 85; G. dorotocephala n = 58; Dugesia japonica n = 36; Schmidtea mediterranea n = 32. Scale bar (top two rows), 1 mm; scale bar for fluorescent images (bottom row), 50 µm.