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. 2025 Jan 2;16:15. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55324-5

Fig. 6. A working model for the regulation of root system architecture in rice by OsGLS1–OsPIN2.

Fig. 6

In the wild type (WT, left), OsGLS1 is mainly localized to the basal side of the plasma membrane (PM) in root epidermal cells, a process dependent on OsGLS1 Ser-30 phosphorylation. There, OsGLS1 directly ubiquitinates and degrades OsPIN2, subsequently leading to the apical PM localization of OsPIN2 to maintain normal auxin gradient distribution and root system architecture (RSA). In the gls1 mutant (right), loss of OsGLS1 function leads to a non-polar localization for OsPIN2 at the PM of root epidermal cells, resulting in abnormal auxin gradient distribution and shallower RSA, which facilitates nutrient uptake from water and topsoil in the paddy field.