TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the participants, N = 495.
| Characteristics | Normotensive, non-IUGR pregnancies, n = 438 | PE and/or PIH and/or IUGR, n = 56 | PE, n = 34 | PIH, n = 17 | PE and/or PIH, n = 51 | IUGR, n = 10 | |
| Age [year] | |||||||
| 19–24 | 50 (11.4) | 7 (12.5) | 5 (14.7) | 2 (11.8) | 7 (13.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 25–29 | 139 (31.7) | 13 (23.2) | 6 (17.6) | 7 (41.2) | 13 (25.5) | 1 (10.0) | |
| 30–34 | 151 (34.5) | 20 (35.7) | 12 (35.3) | 5 (29.4) | 17 (33.3) | 4 (40.0) | |
| 35–39 | 81 (18.5) | 12 (21.4) | 9 (26.5) | 1 (5.9) | 10 (19.6) | 4 (40.0) | |
| 40–44 | 15 (3.4) | 4 (7.1) | 2 (5.9) | 2 (11.8) | 4 (7.8) | 1 (10.0) | |
| 45–50 | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| BMI [kg/m2] | Information missing: 3 (0.7) | ||||||
| < 18.5 | 12 (2.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 247 (56.4) | 22 (39.3) | 13 (38.2) | 6 (35.3) | 19 (37.3) | 5 (50.0) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 108 (24.7) | 14 (25.0) | 9 (26.5) | 4 (23.5) | 13 (25.5) | 3 (30.0) | |
| > 29.9 | 68 (15.5) | 19 (33.9) | 12 (35.3) | 7 (41.2) | 19 (37.3) | 1 (10.0) | |
| Current smoker | 29 (6.7) | 4 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (20.0) | |
| Parity | |||||||
| Nullipara | 182 (41.8) | 28 (50.0) | 20 (58.8) | 6 (35.3) | 26 (51.0) | 7 (70.0) | |
| Multipara | 253 (58.1) | 28 (50.0) | 14 (41.2) | 11 (64.7) | 25 (49.0) | 3 (30.0) | |
| Number of fetuses | |||||||
| Singleton | 431 (99.1) | 55 (98.2) | 34 (100) | 17 (100) | 51 (100) | 9 (90.0) | |
| Gemelli | 4 (0.9) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | |
| History of pre-eclampsia | 6 (1.4) | 6 (10.7) | 5 (14.7) | 1 (5.9) | 6 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Birthweight [grams] | Information missing: 35 (8.0) | Information missing: 1 (1.8) | Information missing: 1 (10.0) | ||||
| < 2,500 | 10 (2.3) | 8 (14.3) | 4 (11.8) | 1 (5.9) | 5 (9.8) | 6 (60.0) | |
| 2,500–3,499 | 155 (35.4) | 25 (44.6) | 16 (47.1) | 8 (47.1) | 24 (47.1) | 3 (30.0) | |
| 3,500–4,500 | 224 (51.1) | 22 (39.3) | 14 (41.2) | 8 (47.1) | 22 (43.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| > 4,500 | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Gestational age at delivery [days] (weeks) | Information missing: 17 (3.9) | ||||||
| < 224 (< 32 weeks) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (5.4) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (30.0) | |
| 224–237 (32–34 weeks) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | |
| 238–258 (34–37 weeks) | 17 (3.9) | 3 (5.4) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (20.0) | |
| 259–279 (37–40 weeks) | 150 (34.2) | 28 (50.0) | 24 (70.6) | 8 (47.1) | 32 (62.7) | 4 (40.0) | |
| > 279 (> 40 weeks) | 249 (56.8) | 21 (37.5) | 8 (23.5) | 8 (47.1) | 16 (31.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Compliance | Information missing: 4 (0.9) | ||||||
| Samples submitted | 16 (14) | 16 (13) | 18 (12) | 11 (15) | 17 (13) | 12 (4) | |
| Compliance rate (%) | 85.8 (75) | 94.3 (64.3) | 100 (50) | 73.3 (78.9) | 94.4 (67.4) | 96.7 (8) | |
Frequencies are n (%) or median (interquartile range). IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; PE, pre-eclampsia; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension; BMI, body mass index; GA, gestational age.